Security and Privacy in a Networked World/Cyberwars: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel

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The recent scandal of NSA surveillance has its roots in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadripartite_Agreement_%281947%29 Quadripartite Agreement] (UKUSA) of 1947 and the development of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON ECHELON] in the 1960s. Earlier, a kind of unspoken rule had dictated avoidance of spying after a country's own subjects - the UKUSA found an elegant bypass in mutual surveillance and subsequent exchange of collected information. It also strived to cover the whole world by assigning areas of responsibility to every participating country (a version of the scheme can be found at http://cryptome.org/jya/echelon-bw.htm).
The recent scandal of NSA surveillance has its roots in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadripartite_Agreement_%281947%29 Quadripartite Agreement] (UKUSA) of 1947 and the development of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON ECHELON] in the 1960s. Earlier, a kind of unspoken rule had dictated avoidance of spying after a country's own subjects - the UKUSA found an elegant bypass in mutual surveillance and subsequent exchange of collected information. It also strived to cover the whole world by assigning areas of responsibility to every participating country (a version of the scheme can be found at http://cryptome.org/jya/echelon-bw.htm).
ECHELON was originally meant to intercept and collect information transferred over short wave radio, but went on to keep pace with evolving technology, gradually also covering telephone, fax, mobile phones and different channels of Internet communication.
Prominent examples of surveillance include
*


== Additional reading and links ==
== Additional reading and links ==

Redaktsioon: 14. aprill 2014, kell 09:28

The Online Battlefield

Using IT in military context today involves various applications, for example

  • propaganda and information warfare (including controlling the public on both sides of the 'front')
  • cryptography
  • communication interception (cyberespionage)
  • communication disruption and sabotage (cyberattacks on infrastructure using e.g. DDOS)


Cryptography has a history that spans far before the Internet age. So does propaganda, albeit the information warfare has gained many new measures with the advent of social media (as exemplified by "Facebook revolutions" worldwide). Cyberespionage has its predecessors in various technologies of the mid-20th century. While communication disruption and sabotage have some ancestors in the pre-IT era, its true potency has only been realized recently - the first widely published case was likely Stuxnet. However, current threat analyses point out actual attack vectors towards critical infrastructure, e.g. the power grid (the central website of the US Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy reliability, energy.gov, has an extensive section on cybersecurity).

Looking back

While military cryptography can be traced back to the antiquity (e.g. scytale), the connection with IT was probably first made with the Enigma machines - as many chapters of early history of computers, e.g. the work of Alan Turing as well as one of the pretenders to the title of the first modern computer, Colossus, were linked to them.

The recent scandal of NSA surveillance has its roots in the Quadripartite Agreement (UKUSA) of 1947 and the development of ECHELON in the 1960s. Earlier, a kind of unspoken rule had dictated avoidance of spying after a country's own subjects - the UKUSA found an elegant bypass in mutual surveillance and subsequent exchange of collected information. It also strived to cover the whole world by assigning areas of responsibility to every participating country (a version of the scheme can be found at http://cryptome.org/jya/echelon-bw.htm).

ECHELON was originally meant to intercept and collect information transferred over short wave radio, but went on to keep pace with evolving technology, gradually also covering telephone, fax, mobile phones and different channels of Internet communication.

Prominent examples of surveillance include

Additional reading and links

Also in Estonian:

  • MÄGI, Harri, VITSUT, Lauri. Infosõda: visioonid ja tegelikkus. Eesti Ekspressi kirjastus 2008.
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